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Before commencing surgical treatment, a comprehensive neurological examination is conducted using advanced diagnostic methods, such as contrast studies of the spinal cord, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Accurate diagnosis of the problem is crucial for selecting the appropriate method and surgical technique. Paralysis or paresis of limbs and recurring pain complaints are the most common reasons for practice visits. In most cases, these symptoms are caused by disc disease. The choice of surgical method depends on the location of the change in the spine, the type of disc disease, and the number of affected discs. The material compressing the spinal cord is removed using various surgical techniques. In cases of acute disease progression, in addition to the degree of spinal cord damage, the critical factor affecting surgical success is the time elapsed from symptom onset to the procedure. Recovery after surgery may occur naturally, but often requires the application of rehabilitation techniques conducted by an experienced specialist, such as laser therapy, kinesiotherapy, magnetic therapy, or aquatic treadmill.